Scarce Source

The nursing shortage is an issue that has an increase concern in the health care system today and that has been a threat to the quality of care and safety of the patients. â€Å"The shortage of nurses is not necessarily a shortage of individuals with nursing qualifications; it is a shortage of nurses willing to work in the present condition† (Buchan & Aiken, 2008, p. 3262). The changes in the government policies in the creation of the new measurements and compensation methods for better quality of care has increased a more critical working condition for the nursing profession. The United States will have a decline in the quality of health care and be jeopardizing the safety of the patients instead of having some positive outcomes. Nursing Shortage Influencing Factors There are five influencing factors that many of the researches have concluded: increase in the number of retiring nurses, noncompetitive salaries, nurse’s workload and role expectations, and increase opportunities outside the profession or going into administrative positions or other faculty positions. The decrease in the young people entering the nursing profession has increased the nursing shortage because is leaving the older nurses to come to their retiring year. The younger populations is also looking for a more stable profession and are going to other professions as a security blanket for their economic stability. Nurses are also faced with the dissatisfaction of having noncompetitive salaries in their nursing profession and are forced to look for a more stable opportunity outside the profession to meet their needs. Challenges and Consequences of not addressing the issue The nursing shortage must be addressed to find ways of overcoming the challenges and consequences of the issue to decrease the effects of having a negative impact on the health care system. To overcome the challenges and consequences one must look at the demand factors and supply factor in the specific countries or regions to deal with the nursing shortage. Some of the demand factors may be: â€Å"demographic and epidemiological trends, service use patterns and macroeconomic condition† (Buchan & Aiken, 2008, p. 264). Some of the supply factors might be: â€Å"improving recruitment, retention and return-getting, keeping and keeping in touch with these relatively scarce nurses† (Buchan & Aiken, 2008, p. 3266). The consequences of not addressing the issue of the nursing shortage will lead to an increase in the shortage, and poor health care outcomes, including a decrease in the quality of care, medical errors, patient injury, and increase in the infection and wound rates. Solution or Innovation The policy makers need to come up with a motive or a solution that will bring the younger population to enter the nursing profession and be able to retain that population in the profession for a long time. The solution of the issue for the nursing shortage is not easy, but by increasing different types of motives and recruiting methods definitely will decrease some of the nursing shortage. Policy makers should look at â€Å"intervening with educational vouchers and incentive for nurses† (Abrahamson, PhD, RN & Fox, PhD, 2009, p. 241). The method for increasing grants or educational loan forgiveness program will increase the incentive for the younger population to feel some kind of security in the nursing profession. Incentives for some of the younger nurses will include bonuses when hired, or an increase in the salary in competitive salaries, and a decrease in the workload in the profession. The government already has some of these solutions in progress, but a package of the incentives is a good idea to encourage the younger population to enter the nursing profession. Economic Investment The government is already investing in the nursing profession by the different programs starting to take place for the nursing profession, and increase the entry of the younger population into the nursing profession. By increasing the positive outcomes in the health care system the quality of care and safety of the patient will increase, and decreasing the possibility of mortality rates, infection or wound rates, medication errors or even patient injuries. For example one program is the Nursing Loan Repayment Program, which includes repaying the students loans if in agreement to practice at least two years in a health care organization. Public Efforts The older population should join in an effort to decrease in the nursing shortage by educating the young population, reinforcing the need for a better quality of care and the safety of the patient and also the importance of decreasing the nursing shortage in the health care system. The leaders of the health care system need to join and be able to develop some form of communication to promote the nursing profession, and in exchange be able to have a better health care system. Conclusion The shortage will continue to get worse if the working conditions do not improve, and the measurements for compensation do not improve in the health care system. The nursing shortage will have a positive outcome once there a good amount of adequate staffing to decrease the number of influencing factors that increase the nursing shortage. â€Å"Nurses are the main professional component of the front line staff in most health systems, and their contribution is recognized as essential to meeting developmental goals and delivering safe and effective care† (Buchan & Aiken, 2008, p. 3263).

Religion. My Trip to the Mosque Essay

1. Did the exterior of the worship facility add to the overall religious feeling of the visit? Describe your first impression as you pulled up to the building. Did the architecture lend itself to worship? Add specific details to support your answer. I always said I would visit a mosque one day. I live in a high Muslim community and have always been invited to go with one of my peers. The exterior of the building was designed right out of what I would describe as old time desert days. The building had domes that came to a peak sort of like an ice cream on top of a cone. My first impression was that this was surely a design that was distinctive from the other buildings of worship like Christian, Baptist, and Catholic churches, or even halls for Jehovah Witnesses. As I came closer to the doors I felt overwhelmed by the actual size of the building but inside looked much like home. Inside it was simple, there were restrooms, and places for women to tend children, many windows, Qurans, and a large drape right down the middle separating carpeted space one side for men and one side for women. 2. Describe the nature of the worship facility service you saw. This will probably be the longest section of the report, so be as thorough as possible. For example, what was the overall religious program? What was the theme of the message for that day? Were there any rituals that struck you as different from your own? Elaborate Once service started I wasn’t sure what to expect. Before we were able to sit in the service we first had to wash our feet and hands. There were no programs but there were men who help sort of like the â€Å"mc† over the crowd. Service started with a prayer in which nearly everyone except me knew. Although I tried my hardest to keep my eyes close during the prayer for the sake of this paper and my curiosity I open my eyes to see all except a few small boys not speaking aloud the prayer. During this prayer everyone is in the position on his or her hands in knee as to sort of like submit while during the prayer. Once the prayer was over we resumed position on our  knees. Next was the message, I could not help but notice that there was no women in our section, instead through I barely visible colorful sheet the women were in their own service and prayer. The message today wasn’t really a message at all but instead a teaching of the Quran. Before the reading of the text spare Qurans were passed around to members who wanted one. I opted to take one only to find out the entire book was written in another language. During the reading the text was read as is in the language was written in, and later after the reading translated for others. The text he spoke about interesting enough was about Jesus and his actual role Muslims believe he played. Although Christian believe Jesus played a huge role, Muslims believe that not only is he not the Child of God but just another of God prophets. I also learned that they believe that Jesus did not do many of the healing described in the Bible. Accompanied with scriptures I cannot read nor remember Muslims also believe their text to be older and more accurate than that of the Bible. The only ritual that I think struck me is the fact that women were not able to congregate with us instead they were behind the curtain. I would later find out the reason. The washing of hand in feet were different for me and me being conscience of my feet I felt a little uneasy about the situation. 3. What was your overall reaction to the service? Was it positive or negative? Did any members of the congregation talk to you, and if they did, what was the nature of the conversation? My overall reaction was interested I would say. I had a positive experience and a lot of people approached me after the service about my inquiry of Islam. I was told I came during a good sermon and they hoped I learned from the experience, if I was coming back and also what I thought about the whole thing. I told them I like the experience and I was honestly doing this for a class and that my interest peaked most when I actually walked inside the building. I asked about the curtain and was kind of token back with the answer. I was told that the curtain is used to hide the women during the service. Because women are appealing to the eye it is sometimes hard to concentrate on worship and this simply isn’t tolerated. I could see the point of view about a â€Å"time and place for everything† but I think if a  person will is that of a higher being one would not engage in deeds. I also notice that after, women mingled amongst each other, but younger women and kids mingled amongst each other. I also asked a guy why made him follow this religion, and he told me culturally where his parents are from this is like tradition. Similar to religion and myself being passed down he had experience the same thing. He also mentioned that although he was sort of given this religion he believe in it whole-heartedly. He said that many of the other religions text had been altered many times and the Quran the last standing oldest religious text was untampered.

Business Plan - Euroflorida Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Business Plan - Euroflorida - Assignment Example In order to ensure that we have best customers, we would use internet as our marketing tool alongside estate agents and sales force, the benefits of registering and payment through internet website would be provided to the people only living in Europe. The houses would be sold on first come first serve basis, however if received so many applications then we can sell them on random basis to top class people. The team would be comprised of development department, which is of course the most important one, customer relationship department, marketing department, and finance department. If the houses would not be sold to any one and we would be failed to communicate and attract audience then there is a contingency plan that is to sell the houses on no profit no loss situation and then we would come up with some new idea, however we would reapply the construction procedure if the scheme would be successful. Also we would have all the houses insured, so that if any natural calamity destroys them, we do not face any loss. "We are making the future peaceful for you, simply not just by providing you a shelter in your dreams but also by providing you a big part of your dreams where you can go whenever you want and get whatever you want." The prevailing problem in the Europe is that people are living extremely busy and fussy life in Europe, the weather is most of the times very rainy and no body gets the chance to spend vacations and life outside the fewer European countries such as Greece and Italy. It has been identified on exploring Europe that in Italy there is a place which can become a heaven for the people of Europe facing various difficulties in life, these people are of course having a desire to visit places that are new, green and fresh forever. So there is an opportunity that we finally identified and now there would be some work to do on that idea, the idea that is simply related to providing a lifetime opportunity to people of Europe by providing them a home in a heaven in Apulia, Italy. The basic idea behind starting a housing scheme named "EuroFlorida" in Apulia, Italy is to target the people from the northern side of Europe who do not have any chance to visit somewhere within the Europe, as you can see that those people are catered as the target audience who have the buying power, who want to pass either their vacations or their life in a peaceful lush green environment which is absolutely free of pollution, also the people who are catered as target audience are not just limited to the northern Europe but any one who is having a desire to visit the most beautiful place in Italy and also who is having some buying power is recognized as the target audience. The retired people who want to spend their life in a peaceful environment are also our target audience. The competition is some how not just present in Italy but it is present in the entire Europe but the difference appears in the price and the size of the living places where EuroFlorida is having an edge on the other competitors. Porter's Five Forces -Rivalry: The rivalry is automatically

The Ultimate Helmet ( H Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Ultimate Helmet ( H - Assignment Example The effectiveness of this would matter mostly by the willingness of distributors to store and sell this new helmet. The channel would also take care of eliminating extra costs in getting new distributors. The channel would also ensure direct competition between the old helmet and the ultimate helmet. The old mode of distribution involved stocking the product at some online stores and merchant stores countrywide. This would ensure a global availability of our product. Another channel of distribution was identified to improve on the availability of the product. This channel was to identify new overseas sales people from different countries. This mode was established to make sure the ultimate helmet reached those countries that the old helmet was not able to get to due to poor channel of distribution. This would eliminate the need of the company having to first study the tax low in those countries to establish branches. Pricing of the product The pricing of the product is supposed to pl ay a major role in sales made of the ultimate helmet. Taking into consideration the cost incurred in designing and making improvements the ultimate helmet is supposed to be high. A strategy to gain approval of the product had to be identified so that clients would believe they were paying the right price for the product. Different pricing strategies were identified by first dividing the market into two. These two markets are the new market identified and needed to be tapped while the second market was the market where people were using the old helmet. The new market, a penetration price had to be established which had to be lower than the old market price. This price required to be lower because most of these clients were seen as people who owned motorbikes but did not see the need of the helmet. It was established if the helmet was priced so high they would not bother even buying it. The market was seen to exist mostly in developing countries where motor bike ownership is taking to ll in the 21st century. The old market was seen to exist in developed countries like the USA. People who owned motorbikes in these regions were more concerned with their comfort ability due to their high purchasing power. A factor that had to be put in consideration while also setting up the price is that these region stiff competition would be faced due to the existence of the old helmet. The old helmet producer had already established control over the market. It was established the main driver of the marketing would be first draw the attention of the client to the extra capabilities of the ultimate helmet and show them the benefit. This would then make the client buy the new helmet even if the price is higher than the old helmet. Promotion The helmet is supposed to be used mostly by people riding motorbikes and those people who like motorbike sporting. An appropriate channel of advertisement had to be identified with some weighted reason to make sure the product reached the intend ed client. The Medias of advertisement that were identified are as follow: Social media The helmet due to its capability in GPRS location and picking phone is so attractive to the generation. This group of people can be found on social media which includes face book, MySpace and Twitter. Most of these companies allow companies to advertise their product with them for a certain fee. We analyzed the different social media to identify which had many

Evaluation the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Research Paper

Evaluation the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia - Research Paper Example It was extremely important for the international community to step in and secure justice for the citizens of Yugoslavia since order and justice were failing. The enforcement of human rights and establishing the foundation for effective conflict resolution and post-conflict development has been one of the guiding principles of the ICTY. The establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia by the United Nations was one of the precedents which paved the way for multilateral action by the international community and nation-states concerned about the declining administrative conditions of former Yugoslavia. However, there are a few shortcomings with the ICTY. One of the major shortcomings is that it is an organization which is ad hoc in nature, which in turn makes it a very problematic institution having a number of limitations. It might have some shortcomings; however, the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages of The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. And the major advantage of having ICTY is that it lays the groundwork for international law and politics and helps in the establishment of the International Criminal Court or the ICC. The ICC serves as a permanent mechanism which enforces justice. Peter Radan(2002, p.201) states ‘With the exception of Bosnia- Hercegovina, for all the secessions of and within Yugoslavia’s republics, it was explicitly claimed that they were justified on the basis of the right of peoples to self-determination. This is apparent from the various declarations of independence and constitutions adopted by the seceding entities. Bosnia-Hercegovina was a special case due to the absence from that republic of a dominant national group. However, self-determination was still a significant factor.  

Consumer Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Consumer Psychology - Essay Example It determines for the consumer, how he sees himself. Personal self image is formed by the sense of identity, the feelings of self worth and self esteem (Blackwell, Miniard, and Engel, 2006). It can be explained as what qualities and attributes, one associate to his personality in order to define himself. This self-concept of an individual can be reflected through the choices he makes for himself. These choices are not just related to the decisions he made in his routinely life but this can be observed by every single gesture that he makes. Each action of an individual makes a specific statement about that person. While determining personal self-concept, the choices of products that one makes, also reveal much about a consumer and his needs. For example, a smoker, who has a personal self image about himself, to be a kind of a person who likes to be isolated, aloof, and lonely with nature or he associates himself to the cow-boyish image, he would rather prefer to have Malboro cigarettes. He would feel himself much related to Malboro’s brand and its advertisements. He would associate with that brand personality in a much better manner than any other consumer not having such attributes (Gehrt & Yan, 2004). Social self concept can be described as how consumers feel that others and society see them. This is how society interprets a person’s image and how society evaluates the choices of products and services made by an individual (De Mooij, 2011). For example if a husband chooses to gift his wife a Tiffany’s diamond ring on their anniversary publically in a party, then people would make an image about that husband, as him to be a very caring, loving and concerned husband. This is how consumer of a product would feel people think of himself. There is another concept that lies within the domains of social self concept is the ideal social self image, this concept is defined as an individual’s desire to

Mg Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mg - Assignment Example Secondly, self-aware individuals exhibit humility and approachability on a unique scale (Torey, 2014). This is inspired by the fact that becoming self-aware requires one to avoid all forms of masquerades and facades, and to accept who they are and what their objectives are. Once they have found peace within themselves, they begin viewing other individuals as flawed but equally valuable in their own right. In a group setting, a self-aware leader will always try to reach out to colleagues and reassure them in all ways possible (Torey, 2014). The ability to see and accept others as imperfect but useful comes from self-awareness. Finally, a self-aware person in a group context displays confidence self-belief in an explicit and positive way (Cunningham, 2014). Self-awareness means trusting one’s judgment and thinking despite the existence of weaknesses. For example, an individual who is self-aware might have excellent technical skills and poor soft skills. However, the individual will exhibit enough confidence in his technical ability to counteract or even mask weakness in soft skills. This level of self-belief comes from

In your own words, define group communication in three to five Essay

In your own words, define group communication in three to five sentences - Essay Example Each member of the group is also encouraged to provide a feedback or to share in the brainstorming session to enrich the collective ideas and arrive at a more suitable outcome. An individual communication refers to the transmission of ideas to another without a need of requiring another person to collaborate or add up to the idea being communicated. The ideas are formulated by the communicator alone in order to implement a plan in accordance to one’s goal. There are approaches that can be used to promote individual and group communication. In individual communication and group communication anyone can be both a communicator and a listener. The participants in communication will be a speaker at one time and a listener at another. Thus, they must both possess the good qualities of a speaker and a listener. As a speaker, it is necessary to speak clearly and organize the idea logically. At the same time, the speaker should be patient to explain one’s thought and the listene r request for further explanation. The strategies are commonly used individuals in face-to-face interaction as well as in the use of social networking platform. Successful communication is facilitated when the communicators are at ease. This will enhance receptivity and allow full comprehension of the message being transmitted.

Discuss critically the assertion that revolutionary processes in the Essay

Discuss critically the assertion that revolutionary processes in the Arab world have reached maturity due to the crucial role pl - Essay Example The advent of new media has made it easier for people and parties to gather and use information, and spread as far and wide as they want (Anderson and Eickelman, 2003: 39). Today, social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter have united millions of people, especially those with common interests and agendas. These platforms allow people to share ideas, thoughts and sentiments and discuss them with people interested, a process usually referred to as cyber activism. This activism has even made online political discussions possible. The Arab World countries have however, found new use for the new media. For them, their smart phones, twitter and Facebook are not just used for leisure, sharing, commenting and following, they have become their tools of liberation, their weapons against dictatorial regimes and a platform for gathering people towards mass action and collective responsibility (Anderson and Eickelman, 2003: 39). For these countries, it is a time for revolution, a time to change their lives, change corrupt regimes and establish a whole new season of leadership. The question is, is it right to say that the Arab world has reached its maturity in revolutionary processes due to the roles played by the new media? This is the question that this work seems to find an answer to. To do this, some case studies of events and countries where social media has been used to foster revolution, then an analysis of all the cases shall be done and a conclusion drawn. The 2010 Tunisia Revolution It all started when a street vendor in Tunisia, Mohamed Bouazizi set himself ablaze on claims of harassment by officials of the municipality. The updates of these images on the social media not only went viral but it also attracted emotional and harsh comments from the people, all attacking the government. This horrible police action laid the foundation of the revolution. The revolution, also commonly referred to as the Jasmine Revolution took place from 18th December of 2010. Some of the reasons why the protestors took to the streets included unemployment, inflation especially in the food sector, curtailed and restricted freedom of speech, unhealthy living conditions, police brutality among others. During the protests, which went to as far as past March of 2011, many people died and others injured. To the activists and non conformers, they wanted nothing less than the step-down of the then president, Zine EL Abidine Ben Ali. He had exercised his dictatorial rule for over 23 years since his election in 1987. The revolutionary protests in Tunisia took place in form of strikes, online activism, civil resistance and disobedience among others. When the government realized that the protestors were not willing to back off or retreat, Ben Ali finally stepped down on 15th January 2011. Foud Mebazaa then became the acting president, and the protestors demanded that elections be held in sixty days. All the RCD members were removed from government but the protests d id not subside, resulting to the resignation of the prime minister. Tunisia opened the gate for the Arab world uprisings and revolutions, which have seen huge and immense changes in the dictatorial regimes. The revolution became famously known as the Twitter revolution, where the protests claimed that they were tweeting out the tyrants .To them, they were ready to bring change to the country and fight for democracy. The new media was vastly and widely used to propagate and call for mass action. At then, Tunisia had become a center of focus in

The worlds scariest virus of all viruses Research Paper

The worlds scariest virus of all viruses - Research Paper Example Viruses are the smallest existing microorganisms which may be made up of either DNA or RNA as their means of storing genetic information. They only survive and replicate inside host cells like those of humans and even animals. This paper is aimed at examining the list of top viruses that have proven deadly in the world today and even in the recent years. It also explains in brief the predisposing factors that favor the survival of these viruses, their effects in human bodies and the general effect of them in the world. Some of the viruses discussed, in order of their deadliness, include the Human Immune-deficiency virus, Ebola virus and the Rotavirus. This listing method may vary from one state to another, depending on epidemiology and environmental conditions of the state. The impact of these viruses on the working economy of the world is also analyzed, given the increasing trend in occurrences of viral diseases. Introduction What would one say or think is the world’s number one killer of human beings today? Would they think its war, automobile accidents, or maybe even cancers? If one were to assume those answers, then that would be completely wrong. This paper the will try to prove that the deadliest things to mankind are viruses. In this paper, the author will list the top three killers of all times, specifically the number one deadly virus known to us as HIV. This paper will go into deep detail of the number one virus and its effects on the human being’s body. ... The virus is introduced into the human body through various ways, including sexual intercourse, blood transfusion and congenital transmission from mother to child (WHO, 2013). Once the virus has established itself, it survives and thrives killing the mentioned cells, damaging the infected person’s immunity and leaving them more at risk of acquiring infections. Once the virus has destroyed one’s immune system, the person is left vulnerable to secondary infections and other opportunistic diseases. The majority of people infected with HIV develop AIDS at later stages of the virus progression. Once a patient has AIDS, tumors, and a number of infections, which are controlled by the CD4+ T helper cells, begin to manifest. Predisposing Factors There are various predisposing factors for the virus to establish itself in the body and cause a disease. Those at risk of contracting the disease are drug users who use needles to inject themselves, those who have multiple sex partners, and practice unprotected sex. Infants who are born to mothers who are infected by the disease are also at risk of contracting the virus. Once infected, the virus can last for even ten years before the clinical signs appear. This makes it more dangerous as one can continue transmitting the virus to others unknowingly. The clinical presentation of the resultant disease varies, depending on the person’s nutritional status and their immunity, from one person to another. The clinical signs include fever, fatigue, diarrhea, muscle pains, rashes and sores in the body, and headaches among others. To show the presence of the virus in the body, antibodies against the virus, which are produced in case the virus invade the body, are detected

Cost Club Scenario Essay Example for Free

Cost Club Scenario Essay Introduction Every employee has fundamental rights in the workplace that include their right to privacy, fair compensation and free from discrimination. Even applicants have rights before they are hired as an employee. Some of those rights include discrimination that is based solely on a person’s race, gender, age, religion, national origin, or during the hiring process (FindLaw, 2014). Employee Privacy * Employees have the right to privacy with regards to their personal possessions * This includes their purses, handbags. Briefcases, lockers.* Employees have limited rights with respect to e-mail messages and internet usage while using Cost Clubs computer system * Employers do not have the right to conduct a credit checks or background checks on an employee or perspective employee without the express written permission of the employee (FindLaw, 2014). Employee Unions Under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), employers are forbidden from interfering in an employee’s right to organize, or to join or assist in a labor organization for collective bargaining purposes, or prohibit working together to improve terms and conditions of their place of employment. Union employer’s may not coerce their employees in exercising any of their rights such as (National Labor Relations Board, 2014): * It is illegal for an employer to threaten their employees with the loss of their jobs or benefits if they choose to join or vote for a union or participate in protected concerted activity. * Threaten employees with plant closure should their employees choose to have union representation. * Employers are not to question employees about their union activities or sympathies * Promise employees benefits in order to discourage union support * Punishing  employees for engaging in union or protected concerted activity * Retaliating against an employee by transferring, laying off, terminating, assigning employees to more difficult work task or for filing an unfair labor practice charges or participating in an NLRB investigation (National Labor Relations Board, 2014). Occupational Safety and Health Administration Under the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (,OSHA) employers have a responsibility to their employees to provide a safe environment for their employees. Employers are responsible for providing their employees with a workplace free of serious hazards and must follow all OSHA safety and health standards as well as identify and correct any safety or health problems found. It is also the employer’s responsibility to (United States Department of Labor, 2014). * Keep employees informed about hazards through the offering of training, labeling, alarms, systems that are color coded, material safety data sheets that pertain to chemicals and other methods. * Employees are to be trained in a manner in which they can fully understand * Employers are to maintain accurate and complete records of any work-related injuries or illnesses that may occur in the workplace. * Employers are to post any citations, injuries and illness data where is it easily viewed by employees. * OSHA is to be notified by the employer within eight hours should there be a workplace fatality or when three or more workers have been injured or hospitalized due to an accident. * Display the official OSHA poster that describes the rights and responsibilities in plain view for employees to read per the OSHA Act (United States Department of Labor, 2014). Employee Retirement Income Security Act Compliance assistance under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) sets the minimum standards for retirement and health benefit plans in private industry. Although ERISA does not require an employer to provide a retirement plan or to provide benefits it only requires those who have established plans meet and follow a level of standards. ERISA covers retirement, health, and other welfare benefit plans. (United States Department of Labor, 2014): * Meet ERISA standards of conduct * Employers are to assure that the funds of the plan are protected and that  participants who qualify will receive their benefits. * Employers are to include new health laws * Employers are to provide a continuation of health care coverage for an employee that due to certain events would result in a reduction ,in their benefits. * The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) amended ERISA to make health care coverage available for employees that have either been terminated or have quit (United States Department of Labor, 2014). Fair Labor Standards Act The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) is responsible for setting and establishing a minimum wage, overtime pay, recordkeeping, and youth employment standards that affect employees in the private sector andFederal, State and local governments (United States Department of Labor, 2014). * The wage for covered nonexempt workers is $ 7.25 per hours * Overtime pay to be at the rate of one-half times their regular pay after a 40 hour workweek. * There is no limit to anyone 16 years or older to the amount of hours they may work. * FLSA does not require Cost Club to pay overtime for weekends, holidays for an employees, regular days off, unless overtime is typically worked on those days. * Employers are required to display the official poster of the FLSA. (United States Department of Labor, 2014). Conclusion In order to ensure and maintain a high moral level of employee behavior. Employees of Cost Club must fully understand the ethical and legal implications of their decisions. As they relate to their employees personal and professional values. This should be reflected at every level upper, and lower management included. Cost Club needs to develop and implement a Business Code of Ethics that can be reviewed with all employees at all Cost Club locations. By implementing a Business Code of Ethics, Cost Club will weave together not only the legal principles of employment, but the moral issues that commonly arise in employment issues. These ethical behaviors are vital to Cost Clubs overall success. The stakeholders of Cost Club are able to take direction from Cost Clubs, Business Code of Conduct. And when an ethical dilemma occurs the code will become one of the employee’s best tools for dealing with the dilemma. When Cost Club chooses to engage in employee monitoring, this practice will be posted and announced to all employees.  Employees need to understand the laws and Cost Clubs corporations, policies along with the Business Code of Conduct. Cost Club also needs to exercise restraint in looking over their employees shoulders when it comes to use of the internet and email. (Mujtaba, 2014). When everyone understands all the ground rules then the workplace environment at Cost Club will be fair. If Cost Clubs employees are being ethical and following the policies he or she should not be concerned with monitoring and at the same time Cost Club should conduct their monitoring of employees within the guidelines of the law (Mujtaba, 2014). References FindLaw. (2014). Employee rights 101. Retrieved April 13, 2014, from http://employment.findlaw.com/employment-discrimination/employees-rights-101.html. Mujtaba, B. G. (2014). Ethical implications of employee monitoring: What leaders should consider. Retrieved April 13, 2014, from http://www.huizenga.nova.edu/Jame/articles/employee-monitoring.cfm. National Labor Relations Board. (2014). Employer/union rights and obligations. Retrieved April 13, 2014, from http://www.nlrb.gov/rights-we-protect/employerunion-rights-and-obligations. United States Department of Labor. (2014). Employee retirement income security act ERISA. Retrieved April 13, 2014, from http://www.dol.gov/dol/topic/health-plans/erisa.htm. United Stated Department of Labor. (2014). Employer rights and responsibilities following an OSHA inspection. Retrieved April 13, 2014, from https://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3000.html#12. United States Department of Labor. (2014). Wage and hour division. Retrieved April 13, 2014, fro m http://www.dol.gov/whd/flsa/.

Ac Synchronous Machine And Its Application Engineering Essay

Ac Synchronous Machine And Its Application Engineering Essay Synchronous machines are principally used as alternating current (AC) generators. They supply the electric power used by all sectors of modern societies: industrial, commercial, agricultural, and domestic. Synchronous machines are sometimes used as constant-speed motors, or as compensators for reactive power control in large power systems. This article explains the constructional features and operating principles of the synchronous machine. Generator performance for stand-alone and grid applications is discussed. The effects of load and field excitation on the synchronous motor are investigated. The hunting behavior of a synchronous machine is studied, and a review of various excitation systems provided. INTRODUCTION: Synchronous motor A synchronous electric motor is an AC motor distinguished by a rotor spinning with coils passing magnets at the same rate as the alternating current and resulting rotating magnetic field which drives it. Another way of saying this is that it has zero slip under usual operating conditions. Contrast this with an induction motor, which must slip in order to produce torque. They operate synchronously with line frequency. As with squirrel-cage induction motors, speed is determined by the number of pairs of poles and the line frequency. Synchronous motors are available in sub-fractional self-excited sizes to high-horsepower direct-current excited industrial sizes. In the fractional horsepower range, most synchronous motors are used where precise constant speed is required. In high-horsepower industrial sizes, the synchronous motor provides two important functions. First, it is a highly efficient means of converting ac energy to work. Second, it can operate at leading or unity power factor and thereby provide power-factor correction. There are two major types of synchronous motors: non-excited and direct-current excited. Non-excited motors are manufactured in reluctance and hysteresis designs, these motors employ a self-starting circuit and require no external excitation supply. Reluctance designs have ratings that range from sub-fractional to about 30  hp. Sub-fractional horsepower motors have low torque, and are generally used for instrumentation applications. Moderate torque, integral horsepower motors use squirrel- cage construction with toothed rotors. When used with an adjustable frequency power supply, all motors in the drive system can be controlled at exactly the same speed. The power supply frequency determines motor operating speed. Hysteresis motors are manufactured in sub-fractional horsepower ratings, primarily as servomotors and timing motors. More expensive than the reluctance type, hysteresis motors are used where precise constant speed is required. D C-excited motors made in sizes larger than 1  hp, these motors require direct current supplied through slip rings for excitation. The direct current can be supplied from a separate source or from a dc generator directly connected to the motor shaft. Slip rings and brushes are used to conduct current to the rotor. The rotor poles connect to each other and move at the same speed hence the name synchronous motor. Synchronous motors fall under the category of synchronous machines which also includes the alternator (synchronous generator). These machines are commonly used in analog electric clocks, timers and other devices where correct time is required. The speed of a synchronous motor is determined by the following formula: where v is the speed of the rotor (in rpm), f is the frequency of the AC supply (in Hz) and n is the number of magnetic poles. Figure: Two pole Two pole: P.T.O Main features of synchronous machine: A synchronous machine is an ac machine whose speed under steady-state conditions is proportional to the frequency of the current in its armature. Armature winding: on the stator, alternating current. Field winding: on the rotor, dc power supplied to built a rotating magnetic field. Cylindrical rotor: for two- and four-pole turbine generators. Salient-pole rotor: for multi-polar, slow-speed, hydroelectric generators and for most synchronous motors. The rotor, along with the magnetic field created by the dc field current on the rotor, rotates at the same speed as, or in  synchronism with, the rotating magnetic field produced by the armature currents, and a steady torque results. Synchronous motors have the following characteristics: A three-phase stator similar to that of an induction motor. Medium voltage stators are often used. A wound rotor (rotating field) which has the same number of poles as the stator, and is supplied by an external source of direct current (DC). Both brush-type and brushless exciters are used to supply the DC field current to the rotor. The rotor current establishes a north/south magnetic pole relationship in the rotor poles enabling the rotor to lock-in-step with the rotating stator flux. Starts as an induction motor. The synchronous motor rotor also has a squirrel-cage winding, known as an Amortisseur winding, which produces torque for motor starting. Synchronous motors will run at synchronous speed in accordance with the formula: 120 x Frequency Synchronous RPM = Number of Poles Example: the speed of a 24 -Pole Synchronous Motor operating at 60 Hz would be: 120 x 60 / 24 = 7200 / 24 = 300 RPM Synchronous Motor Operation: The squirrel-cage Amortisseur winding in the rotor produces Starting Torque and Accelerating Torque to bring the synchronous motor up to speed. When the motor speed reaches approximately 97% of nameplate RPM, the DC field current is applied to the rotor producing Pull-in Torque and the rotor will pull-in -step and synchronize with the rotating flux field in the stator. The motor will run at synchronous speed and produce Synchronous Torque. After synchronization, the Pull-out Torque cannot be exceeded or the motor will pull out-of-step. Occasionally, if the overload is momentary, the motor will slip-a-pole and resynchronize. Pull-out protection must be provided otherwise the motor will run as an induction motor drawing high current with the possibility of severe motor damage. Advantages of Synchronous Motors: The initial cost of a synchronous motor is more than that of a conventional AC induction motor due to the expense of the wound rotor and synchronizing circuitry. These initial costs are often off-set by: Precise speed regulation makes the synchronous motor an ideal choice for certain industrial processes and as a prime mover for generators. Synchronous motors have speed / torque characteristics which are ideally suited for direct drive of large horsepower, low-rpm loads such as reciprocating compressors. Synchronous motors operate at an improved power factor, thereby improving overall system power factor and eliminating or reducing utility power factor penalties. An improved power factor also reduces the system voltage drop and the voltage drop at the motor terminals. Synchronous generator: Speed of rotation of synchronous generator: Electric power generated at 50 or 60 Hz, so rotor must turn at fixed speed depending on number of poles on machine To generate 60 Hz in 2 pole machine, rotor must turn at 3600 r/min, and to generate 50 Hz in 4 pole machine, rotor must turn at 1500 r/min Internal generated voltage of ac generated machine. magnitude of induced voltage in one phase determined in last section: EA=à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡2 à Ã¢â€š ¬ NC à Ã¢â‚¬   f Parts of ac synchronous machine: A synchronous motor is composed of the following parts: The stator is the outer shell of the motor, which carries the armature winding. This winding is spatially distributed for poly-phase AC current. This armature creates a rotating magnetic field inside the motor. The rotor is the rotating portion of the motor. it carries field winding, which may be supplied by a DC source. On excitation, this field winding behaves as a permanent magnet. The slip rings in the rotor, to supply the DC to the field winding, in the case of DC excited types. Operation: The operation of a synchronous motor is simple to imagine. The armature winding, when excited by a poly-phase (usually 3-phase) winding, creates a rotating magnetic field inside the motor. The field winding, which acts as a permanent magnet, simply locks in with the rotating magnetic field and rotates along with it. During operation, as the field locks in with the rotating magnetic field, the motor is said to be in synchronization. Once the motor is in operation, the speed of the motor is dependent only on the supply frequency. When the motor load is increased beyond the break down load, the motor falls out of synchronization i.e., the applied load is large enough to pull out the field winding from following the rotating magnetic field. The motor immediately stalls after it falls out of synchronization. Starting method of synchronous motor: Synchronous motors are not self-starting motors. This property is due to the inertia of the rotor. When the power supply is switched on, the armature winding and field windings are excited. Instantaneously, the armature winding creates a rotating magnetic field, which revolves at the designated motor speed. The rotor, due to inertia, will not follow the revolving magnetic field. In practice, the rotor should be rotated by some other means near to the motors synchronous speed to overcome the inertia. Once the rotor nears the synchronous speed, the field winding is excited, and the motor pulls into synchronization. The following techniques are employed to start a synchronous motor: A separate motor (called pony motor) is used to drive the rotor before it locks in into synchronization. The field winding is shunted or induction motor like arrangements are made so that the synchronous motor starts as an induction motor and locks in to synchronization once it reaches speeds near its synchronous speed. Reducing the input electrical frequency to get the motor starting slowly, Variable-frequency drives can be used here which have Rectifier-Inverter circuits or Cycloconverter circuits. Special Properties: Synchronous motors show some interesting properties, which finds applications in power factor correction. The synchronous motor can be run at lagging, unity or leading power factor. The control is with the field excitation, as described below: When the field excitation voltage is decreased, the motor runs in lagging power factor. The power factor by which the motor lags varies directly with the drop in excitation voltage. This condition is called under-excitation. When the field excitation voltage is made equal to the rated voltage, the motor runs at unity power factor. When the field excitation voltage is increased above the rated voltage, the motor runs at leading power factor. And the power factor by which the motor leads varies directly with the increase in field excitation voltage. This condition is called over-excitation. The most basic property of synchro motor is that it can be use both as a capacitor or inductor. Hence in turn it improves the power factor of system. The leading power factor operation of synchronous motor finds application in power factor correction. Normally, all the loads connected to the power supply grid run in lagging power factor, which increases reactive power consumption in the grid, thus contributing to additional losses. In such cases, a synchronous motor with no load is connected to the grid and is run over-excited, so that the leading power factor created by synchronous motor compensates the existing lagging power factor in the grid and the overall power factor is brought close to 1 (unity power factor). If unity power factor is maintained in a grid, reactive power losses diminish to zero, increasing the efficiency of the grid. This operation of synchronous motor in over-excited mode to correct the power factor is sometimes called as Synchronous condenser. Uses: Synchronous motors find applications in all industrial applications where constant speed is necessary. Improving the power factor as Synchronous condensers. Electrical power plants almost always use synchronous generators because it is important to keep the frequency constant at which the generator is connected. Low power applications include positioning machines, where high precision is required, and robot actuators. Mains synchronous motors are used for electric clocks. Record player turntables. Advantages: Synchronous motors have the following advantages over non-synchronous motors: Speed is independent of the load, provided an adequate field current is applied. Accurate control in speed and position using open loop controls, e.g. stepper motors. They will hold their position when a DC current is applied to both the stator and the rotor windings. Their power factor can be adjusted to unity by using a proper field current relative to the load. Also, a capacitive power factor, (current phase leads voltage phase), can be obtained by increasing this current slightly, which can help achieve a better power factor correction for the whole installation. Their construction allows for increased electrical efficiency when a low speed is required (as in ball mills and similar apparatus). They run either at the synchronous speed else no speed is there. Conclusion: With the help of the above paper now we can understand ac synchronous machine, its working, method, uses, advantages, disadvantages, application etc. We can also explain what kind of further enhancements are going to be, on the field of ac synchronous machine. Although important information is been provided about ac synchronous motors, ac synchronous generator etc. And even on the combination of both of them.

Management of pre menstrual syndrome

Management of pre menstrual syndrome This chapter presents a brief account of present study conclusion which is drawn from the findings. The implication is highlighted in various areas- nursing practice, nursing education, nursing administration and nursing research. And also it clarifies the limitations, suggestions and gives recommendation for future study. SUMMARY OF THE STUDY The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Planned Nursing Intervention on management of Pre Menstrual Syndrome (PMS) in terms of intensity of symptoms, knowledge and attitude among college girls in a selected educational institution, Salem. Rosenstochs Health Belief Model was selected as conceptual frame work for this study. An evaluative approach, pre experimental one group pre test, post-test was used for the study. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used to select the samples and the samples size was 30. Tools were made from book references, net references and previous experiences of the researcher. Content validity obtained from 5 experts (3 nursing and 2 medical personnel) Reliability of the tool was estimated by split half method for knowledge questionnaire r= 0.82, Likerts scale by split half method r= 0.82, it shows that the tool was reliable. After which a pilot study was conducted among 3 samples. Following that actual data collection was done with the same tool. On day 1, the researcher screened 100 college girls with screening tool to know no. of them experiencing PMS. It revealed that out of 100, 64 of them had PMS, among them 30 of them were recruited as samples as majority of them had 5 or more than 5 symptoms (3 physical and 1emotional and 1 behavioural symptom). Following that from the recruited samples pre-test was done. Demographic data was collected by self report method and intensity of symptoms was assessed using (0-10) Numerical Rating Scale, knowledge was assessed with structure knowledge questionnaire and attitude of PMS was assessed using the 5 points Likerts scale. On the same day researcher taught planned nursing intervention on management of PMS for about 20-30 minutes. A pamphlet was given emphasizing on specific measures of PMS management. Along with that a pocket dairy was given to each individual t o specify the symptoms and their intensity during PMS for consecutive 3 cycles. On 15th day post-test was carried out using the same tools A concise data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY I. Demographic Variables: The analysis shows that 73.33% were in the age group of 21-25 years. Based on family monthly income 53.3%were under the category of 2001 5000 rupees. Those who attained menarche at the age group of 13-14 were 73.34% In regards to food habits 76.67% were non vegetarian. Regarding weight in kg about 73.34% were in the group of 41-60 kilogram Among samples 56.67% of them reported that their sisters had family h/o PMS. 100% says that they dont take own medications During PMS 90%says that they dont take any home remedies II. Findings related to Effective Planned Nursing Intervention: a) Intensity of symptoms: Majority of symptoms experienced by samples were (Abdominal pain, pimples, tiredness, anger, inadequate sleep, anxiety, irritability, low back pain)Least experienced symptoms were (Diff in concentrating, joint pain, calf muscle pain, breast tenderness, headache, nausea, palpitation, mood swing, withdrawal from environment, food craving, swelling of extremities, fever). Description of each symptom which was experienced by more than 10 samples were discussed as follows In pre-test abdominal pain was present for 25 samples among that 36.00% had mild pain, 28.00% had moderate pain, 28.00% had severe pain and 8.00% had intolerable pain. In I cycle abdominal pain was present for 23 samples among them 44.44% had mild pain, 44.44% had moderate pain, and 11.12% had severe pain. In II cycle 22 samples had abdominal pain, among them 45.45% had mild pain, 40.90% had moderate pain 13.64% had severe pain. In III cycle 76.19% had mild pain, 14.29% had moderate pain and 9.52% had severe pain. In pre-test pimples were present for 21 samples among them 50.00% had mild, 35.00% had moderate and 15.00% had severe. In I cycle Pimples were present for 21 samples among them 61.90% had mild, 33.34% had moderate and 4.76% had severe. In II cycle 6.50% had mild, 25.00% had moderate, 5.00% had severe and 5.00% had Intolerable. In III cycle 19 samples had pimples among them 78.95% had mild, 15.78% had moderate and 5.27% had severe. In pre-test tiredness were present for 20 samples among them 40.00% had mild, 60.00% had moderate. In I cycle tiredness were present for 18 samples among them 50.00% had mild, 50.00% had moderate. In II cycle 18 samples had tiredness in that 66.66% had mild, 33.34% had moderate. In III cycle 15 samples had tiredness in that 73.34% had mild, 26.66% had moderate. In pre-test anger was present for 15 samples among them 53.33% had mild, 20.00% had moderate and 26.67% had severe anger. In I cycle anger was present for 13 samples among them 69.24% had mild, 23.07% had moderate and 7.69 had severe. In II cycle 11 samples had anger in that 63.34% had mild, 36.36% had moderate. In III cycle 8 samples had anger in that 50.00% had mild, 50.00% had moderate. In pre-test inadequate sleep was present for 13 samples among them 53.85% had mild, 30.77% had moderate and 15.38% had severe. In I cycle inadequate sleep was present for 11 samples 54.55% had mild, 45.55% had moderate. In II cycle 11 samples had inadequate sleep, among them 54.55% had mild, 45.45% had moderate. In III cycle 100.00% had mild. In pre-test anxiety was present for 12 samples among them 41.67% had mild, 41.67% had moderate and 16.66% had severe. In I cycle anxiety were present for 11 samples among them 36.66% had mild, 63.64% had moderate. In II cycle 36.66% had mild, 63.64% had moderate. In III cycle 9 samples had anxiety among them 22.22% had mild, 55.56% had moderate and 22.22% had severe. In pre-test irritability was present for 11 samples among them 45.45% had mild, 36.37% had moderate and 18.18% had severe. In I cycle irritability was present for 12 samples among them 58.33% had mild, 33.33% had moderate and 8.34% had severe. In II cycle 11 samples had irritability in that 54.55% had mild, 45.45% had moderate. In III cycle 9 samples had irritability in that 88.88% had mild, 11.12% had moderate. In pre-test low back pain was present for 10 samples among them40.00% had mild pain, 10.00% had moderate pain, 30.00% had severe pain and 20.00% had intolerable pain. In I cycle low back pain was present for 10 samples 40.00% had mild pain, 40.00% had moderate pain, and 20.00% had severe pain. In II cycle 10 samples had Low back pain, among them 50.00% had mild pain, 10.00% had Low back pain 40.00% had severe pain. In III cycle 44.44% had mild pain, 11.12% had moderate pain and 44.44% had severe pain. There were significant differences between the pre-test and the post-test level of intensity. The following symptoms have significant difference from pre-test to I cycle; pre-test to III cycle. Hence the alternate hypothesis H1 was accepted. b) Knowledge on management of PMS In pre-test Knowledge scores was 53.34% had inadequate knowledge, 43.33% had moderate knowledge and 3.33% had adequate knowledge. In post-test Knowledge scores was 13.33% had moderate knowledge and 86.67% had adequate knowledge. The overall mean pre-test knowledge was (50.50% with SD 2.49) and ranged 6-15. The overall mean post-test knowledge was (79.65% with SD 1.93) ranged 12-19. The paired t value was significantly higher than the (9.966> t29=2.045)at p t29=2.045)at p

Megans Law - Protection More Important than Privacy Essay -- Argument

Megan's Law - Protection More Important than Privacy In 1994, twice-convicted sex offender Jesse Timmendequas raped and murdered Megan Kanka, a seven-year old girl who lived across the street. In reaction to this emotionally-charged crime, Megan's home state of New Jersey ratified a community notification bill - dubbed "Megan's Law" - just three months later. This fall, a national version of the law went into effect, mandating that all fifty states notify citizens in writing of the presence of convicted sex offenders within their communities. Certainly, society has a responsibility to protect children from sex offenders, and many feel that Megan's Law is the best course of action. However, others feel that it is an unwarranted intrusion into the rights to privacy of individuals who have already paid their debts to society. Megan Kanka should still be alive today, and, as a society, we have an undeniable responsibility to keep such tragedies from taking place in the future. We must not merely respond when sex crimes occur but must, instead, take an active role in preventing them in the first place. Megan's Law is an effective attempt by legislators to help us achieve this goal. Indeed, it helps to prevent these crimes by protecting children, our most defenseless citizens, from those who are most likely to endanger them. Megan's Law operates under the logic that responsible parents, once notified that a designated "high risk" sex offender lives nearby, will be able to prevent their children from becoming the victims of another attack. One of its primary motivations is the high recidivism rate associated with crimes of sexual molestation. Without even considering the large number of sex offenses that go unreported each ye... ...nity. For this reason, under the Freedom of Information Act of 1974, criminal records are a matter of public record. Megan's Law can be thought of as a logical extension of this Act, channeling information to those who need it most. Criminal records have to be brought to light where the well-being of others is at stake. Privacy is a valuable privilege, but it is not a right which overrides the common good of our society. In the end, the debate over Megan's law reduces to one issue: how can we best ensure the safety of our children and the security of our communities? Because of the extremely high recidivism rate associated with sex crimes, because society has a duty to protect those who can not protect themselves, and because concerns for the good of our society as a whole outweigh any individual right to privacy, it is imperative that Megan's Law be maintained.

Mcdonalds Golden Arches Essay -- Argumentative Fast Food Essays

Mcdonalds' Golden Arches When fast food comes to mind, one fast food mammoth comes to mind: McDonald's. The imperial fast food giant can be linked visually to several images, but namely its trademark golden arches. Other visual images, primarily for advertisement purposes, are also stamped into the minds of Americans associating the idea of burgers and fries with the ubiquitous franchise. However, the image displayed in the Time Magazine's September 30th 2002 issue, is an image that is hard to decipher and, most importantly, is an image that is hardly a likeness to the icons imprinted in the minds of fast food lovers across the nation. The catchy illustration invades an article tentatively titled, "Can McDonald's Shape Up?" The cartoon portrays an obscenely rotund Ronald McDonald pacing stressfully on a treadmill. The editorial cartoon is not for everyone to understand, yet it still seems to be generally humorous in its own context. At first glance, the cartoon seemingly pokes fun at the growing obesity in America. This observation is perhaps due to the rewarding conveniences of fast food. Unfortunately, the observation is in error because the graphic is located in the Business section of Time Magazine, not the Health section. After reviewing the visual meticulously, the drawing proves to represent an issue that is not quite as literal as it may seem. The obviously struggling Ronald McDonald depicted in the cartoon is making an honest attempt to lose his weight, but he seems to have no real chance. It seems the harm is done for McDonald's; and regardless of its efforts, McDonald's can not catch up to its growing competition. To begin with, the illustration is used in the business section. The intended audience for... ...tself, leaving McDonald's, with all its efforts, in the same place it starts. The editorial cartoon is altogether a reflection of ultimate failure as McDonald's attempts to get back on track and "shape up". While different aspects can be observed from the editorial cartoon, one thing is clear, McDonald's has no chance. As the metaphorical "McDonald's" fights to regain its former glory, it is ultimately left running in circles with no chance of making it to the finish line. The message is apparent in the cartoon. Ronald McDonald, tired, worn out, and fat will inevitably end up in the same slump he started from. The perspective is conveyed plainly with the use of several visual metaphors and presentation. McDonald's seems to be losing the game it started itself. Works Cited: Eisenberg, Daniel. "Can McDonald's Shape Up?". Time Magazine. Sept. 30, 2002. p52-57.

It’s Time to Toughen the Laws on Teen Drivers :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

It’s Time to Toughen the Laws on Teen Drivers      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Turning sixteen years old in teenagers' lives is an exciting event. It allows them to get a drivers license and is a big step towards adulthood.   With this, it gives them freedom and control over something they have never experienced before.   In most cases, people stress about gangs, drugs, and violence in our communities as a big result of teenage deaths, but the leading causes of accidents today are teenage drivers, especially sixteen and seventeen year olds.   Maria Purdy, an author for "Teen Magazine", writes about statistics with young teenage drivers.   She sites that, "To equal the number of youths killed in motor vehicle crashes in 1995, a plane with 520 people on board would have to crash with no survivors once a month for a full year" (online).   Legislators should pass a law changing the drivers licensing age to eighteen instead of sixteen.   By doing this, it could decrease driving problems we face today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In most European Countries, teenagers aren't able to earn a license until they are at least seventeen or eighteen years old.   There have been less fatal crashes among teens in these countries because of this.   Cheryl Tevis who wrote an article in the "Successful Farming" magazine, writes about American teenagers compared to other teenagers around the world.   She states that "American teens drive at an earlier age than those in most countries" (online).   This is not surprising to me since there are some states that have allowed teenagers to drive at age fourteen in some circumstances.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For the most part, sixteen and seventeen year olds don't realize the importance and responsibility that comes when getting a drivers license.   They feel it is something to play around with and don't take it seriously.   For instance, immaturity is a cause of being   irresponsible.   Because of this there are many accidents that happen that could have been prevented.   Allan F. Williams, an author for "Public Health Reports" writes about the characteristics all teenagers have in common.   He observes that "Qualities generally associated with immaturity (such as chance taking, testing limits, poor decision-making, overconfidence) are associated with the more risky driving styles characteristic of teenage drivers" (online).   Almost half of the accidents today caused by teenagers were linked to peer pressure and immaturity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Often, in teenagers' lives, they look towards their friends for advice and guidance rather than their teachers, parents, and others.

The Climate for Change Summary

The Climate for Change Summary In the November 9, 2008 edition New York Times, an article titled â€Å"The Climate for Change† as a follow up to Al Gore’s speech where he challenged the United States to end its reliance on petroleum based fuels and to generate 100 percent of its electricity from renewable sources within ten years. He gave a five part plan to repower America and to achieve his challenge. Al Gore stated that the new president and the new Congress should offer large-scale investments in incentives for the construction of concentrates solar thermal plants in places that could produce large amounts of electricity. He says we should then begin the planning and construction of a unified national smart grid for the transport of renewable electricity. Third, the government should help America’s automobile industry to convert quickly to plug in hybrids that can run on renewable energy. Fourth, we should embark on a nationwide effort to retrofit buildings with better insulation and energy efficient windows and lighting. Lastly, the United States should lead the way by putting a price on carbon in the US to help reduce global warming pollution coming from us. Al Gore was the forty-fifth vice-president of the United States and was an environmental activist. He won a Nobel Peace Prize in 2007 in recognition for his work. He also won an Oscar for his documentary on the environment that year. In 2006 he founded The Alliance for Climate Protection and has written several books since then.

American Freedom

The establishment of American society traces its roots back to the fifteenth century when Columbus discovered the existence of unknown land on this way to India. Since that time many people from all over the world have been taking refuge in the USA escaping from political or religious persecution. It has lead to outstanding ethnic diversity where human skin color varies from black, brown, and black to red and yellow. Depending on their background former â€Å"newcomers† who have become ancestors of new American generations are called â€Å"African Americans†, â€Å"Asian Americans†, â€Å"Russian Americans†, etc.Obviously, highly mentioned representatives of worlds cultures have their own political and religious preferences that have resulted in an increasing number of different confessions (Buddhists, Catholics, Muslims, etc. ) and parties (Democrats, Communists, Republicans, Socialists, etc. ). However, American nation is characterized by the following d istinct features common to overwhelming majority of people: †¢ Privacy and Individualism are the most important aspects of social independence all Americans value the most.Since their childhood Americans have been taught to consider themselves as independent part of a nation, social group, family, etc. They are used to make their own decisions but at the same time may seldom admit that there exist a number of external factors that greatly influence their decision making skills: stereotypes, mass media, social institutions, etc. They reject the idea of being similar to anybody else as they always strive to be different and unique.Newly arrived immigrants or those who accept Americans as guests from abroad may get a better picture of American culture and deeper insight into their beliefs and values only recognizing their true belief in freedom and self-reliance. The majority of Americans believe that in order to survive in modern world of commercialization and skim the cream off one should be free, independent, and self-reliant in terms of thoughts and decisions. This notion is also closely associated with how Americans treat their parents.More often than not, they show less intimate relationships with family members than other representatives of any other culture. They believe that biological/historical circumstances that brought together the parents and the child reach their purpose during child’s upbringing and adolescence after which the parent/child relationships decline and grow weaker. In some cases the connection may be totally lost especially taking into consideration the fact of vast territory of the country.Privacy is another part of American identity which is of great value when people want to psychologically â€Å"replenish† themselves or take their time to think about life situation, etc. †¢ How Americans perceive themselves? Typically, living in the USA its citizens never see themselves as representatives of their own count ry. Instead, they would rather compare themselves to people who are different from others regardless of the fact whether their â€Å"competitors† are of American or foreign origin.Many Americans make statements saying that their culture is not distinct enough to describe as they frequently visualize culture as a number of random traditions on the surface of society which can be distinct and common only in other cultures. Separate Americans sometimes believe that they established their priorities by themselves, rather than having had their thoughts and the considerations on which they are founded obtruded on them by their own culture. When asked to describe common features of American culture the majority of Americans fail to give a descent answer in some cases even rejecting the idea of â€Å"American culture† as a notion.Meanwhile, some Americans may gladly express their generalized their opinions about different groups and subcommunities within their own culture. Sou therners have stereotypical views (generalized, simplified notions) about Northerners, and the other way round. There exists a wide range of traditionally set views about people from the country, from big cities, from inland, from the coasts, from the Southeast, religious and ethnic groups and those who live in Oregon, Texas, Big Apple, California, Arizona, Florida, Hawaii, etc.†¢ Materialism and Achievement. â€Å"She is a hard-working person,† one American may express his/her opinion towards another person, or â€Å"he does his job well. † These phrases denote the usual American’s respect for people who approaches a task thoroughly and persistently, brining it to a victorious finale. In addition, these phrases also denote respect for achievers, those people who do their best and put much effort to achieve their goals. Foreigners frequently have a feeling that American people work harder than people from abroad expect them to work.(More likely these visito rs have been extremely subjective to American mass media production such as movies and TV programs which would typically show audience less working people but more of those who hang out and chill out driving cars and having dates). Regardless of the fact that some of the â€Å"Protestant† professional ethic may have lost some of its influence on Americans, there is still a strong faith that the perfect person must be a â€Å"hard worker. † A hard worker â€Å"gets everything right† in terms of his/her deadline, organizational skills, high standards of quality.Typically, Americans are keen on action. They really believe it is vital to devote much energy to their work or to other daily routine responsibilities. Moreover, they do believe they should be occupied most of the time. They are typically not satisfied, as representatives from many other cultures are, only to sit and have a talk with other people. They get bored and loose patience. They think they should b e occupied with something, or at least make plans and arrangements for future. †¢ Directness and Assertiveness.Americans, as has been indicated above, normally take themselves as sincere, open-minded, and straight in their relationships with other people. Americans will often talk openly and straightly to others about things they do not like. They will make attempts to do so in a style they call â€Å"constructive,† which means a style which the other person will not accept as offensive or improper. If they do not talk sincerely about what is on their thoughts, they will frequently communicate their reaction in nonverbal way (no words, only facial expressions, body positions, and gestures).They are not aware, unlike people from many Asian countries are, that they are supposed to mask or sometimes hide their emotional reaction. Their phrases, the tone of their voice, or their facial expressions will more often than not show when their feelings of anger, unhappiness, confu sion, or happiness. They think it is okay to show these feelings at least within limits. The majority of Asians feel embarrassed around Americans who are showing a strong emotional response to something.On the other hand, Latinos and Arabs are usually inclined to exhibit their emotions more candidly than Americans do, and to consider Americans as unemotional and cold. However, Americans are frequently less straight and open than they recognize it. There exist in fact many restrictions on their desire to discuss things honestly. Regardless of these limitations, Americans are usually more direct and sincere than people from many other cultures. They normally do not try to hide their emotions and are much less worried with â€Å"face† – avoiding awkwardness to themselves or others.To them, being â€Å"open† is typically more important than preserving harmony in interpersonal relationships. Americans use the words â€Å"assertive† or â€Å"hostile† to illustrate a person who is overly assertive in expressing thoughts or making requests. The line between acceptable assertiveness and unacceptable aggressiveness is difficult to draw. †¢ For American culture, time is a â€Å"resource,† like water or coal, which can be used properly or poorly. â€Å"Time is money. † â€Å"You only get so much time in life, so use it wisely.† The future will not be improved comparing to the past or the present, as Americans are used to take things, unless people use their time for constructive and promising activities. Therefore, Americans admire a â€Å"hard-working organized† people who write down things to be done and a schedule for doing them. The ideal person must be punctual (i. e. arrive at the scheduled time for event) and is considerate of other people’s time (that is, does not â€Å"waste people’s time† with conversation or other activity with no visible, beneficial outcome). References Br own, J. (2006). Americans. New York: Pocket Books.

Toys and Games industry

Toys R Us is one of UK’s leading toy and game retailer. This report conducts an academic research focus on Toys R Us (UK) in toys and games retailing sector. In the first part of this report, we will discuss the toys and games industry background and the overview of Toys R Us. Then, the research will focus on Poster’s Five Force Model and Porter’s Generic Strategies. In the next parts, this report will concentrated on the potential strategies which Toys R Us might pursue in the future. Conclusion and recommendation will be mention in the final part of this report and the recommendation will be covered the best strategy for Toys R Us which can be used for the future competitiveness.1.1 Industry Background After the decline in 2008 and 2009, the toys and games market has grown about 5% just under  £2.2 billion. The market has opportunities to increase the sale revenue from 2010 to 2015 (MINTEL 2010). The Figure 1 shows UK retail value sales of toys and games betw een 2005 and 2015. (Figure 1, Source from: MINTEL Report 2010)According to MINTEL 2010, the main players in the toys and games industry in UK is Argos, Toys R Us, Disney and some internet specialists such as Amazon and Ebay. The Figure 2 shows the retail market share for those main players. (Figure 2, Source from: MINTEL Report 2010)1.2 Company overview Toys R Us is UK’s leading traditional toys and games retailer with over 1500 stores and 71,000 employees (including part-time employees) in 33 countries and the company’s headquartered in Wayne (DATAMONITOR 2011). Toys R Us offer Toys, Baby care, Video games, Multimedia PCs, Bikes and outdoor fun products (Toys R Us 2013).2.0 Poster’s Five Force Model2.1 The threat of new entrants According to Dess, Lumpkin and Eisner 2010, the threat of new entrants is depends on the level of entry barriers. In the UK toys and games industry, there are strong competitions for the pricing. According to MINTEL 2010, since 2008, co nsumer prices for the games and toys have fallen, so most retail cut down the price therefore strong competition in the toys and games industry. Moreover, Economies of Scale can be also related to the entry barriers. Finally, the government policy is major source of entry barriers. For example, national land policy can be effect the manufactory and location of stores, the entry barrier is also influence by high VAT rates for the company which standard rate is 20% and reduced rate is 5% in 2013 (GOV.UK 2013).2.2 The bargaining power of suppliers Toys R Us has increase the number of suppliers over 3000 manufacturers. Mattel, Hasbro and Namco Bandai are the main suppliers for Toys R Us. Those 3 manufacturers are top 20 suppliers in toys industry and Best-selling Toys of the year are always given to those 3 suppliers (GIMD 2011). Nintendo and Sony are also the main suppliers for Toys R Us. Those 2 companies are famous video games suppliers. Nintendo has produce NINTENDO 3 DS and Sony ha s produce PlayStation 3 and PSP, those 3 product all have good sale revenue in the games market (Toys R Us 2013).2.3 The bargaining power of buyers As this report has mention before, Toys R Us is one of UK’s leading toys and game retailer, therefore the company has strong brand image, when consumer planning to purchase toys or games, Toys R Us is always become a first choice for purchase toys and games because the strong brand image. Moreover, there are limited numbers of global retailer in the traditional toys and games industry therefore Toys R Us has strong buying power (GMID 2011). The Figure 3 shows the child/youth population by age and gender between 2005 and 2015 in UK. From this table, we can see the populations between ages 0-14 are increase from 2005. The target market for Toys R Us are children, if the populations of child is increase, the buying power will also increase. (Figure 3, Source from: MINTEL Report 2010)2.4 The threat of substitute products Toys R Us is mainly focus on traditional toys and games sector. However, since the new technology is coming to the market, such as Ipad, X-box 2 and some new online games, the consumers’ needs are changing. More young children prefer the game in Ipad video game and online game rather than traditional toys; therefore Toys R Us is facing on high threat of substitution.2.5 The intensity of rivalry among competitors in an industry Woolworths was the biggest toys and games retail in UK, after the collapse of Woolworths in 2008, Toys R Us, Argos, Disney and other online retail such as Ebay and Amazon became the major players in toys and games industry. In 2009, Argos has 24% market share which are top one in UK toys and games market. Toys R Us has 17% market share and Disney only has 3% market share (MINTEL 2010). Figure 4 shows the outlet, sales, positioning and evaluation of those major players in toys and games industry in 2010. (Figure 4, Source from: MINTEL Report 2010)3.0 Porter’s Generic StrategiesIn this part, this report focuses on Porter’s Generic Strategies to analysis the strategic positioning of the major play in toys and games industry. According to Dess, Lumpkin and Eisner 2010, Porter’s Generic Strategies include three strategies which are Differentiation, Focus and Cost leadership which a company can use for achieve competitive advantage and overcome five force. Figure 5 is made by the Porter’s Generic Strategies; this graph shows the main competitors for Toys R Us in toys and games industry. From this graph, we can find out Toys R Us is using differentiation strategy, the strategy for Disney Company is Focus strategy, Argos and amazon concentrated on Cost Leadership strategy. (Figure 5)Differentiation can be defined as a strategy based on creating differences in the company’s product and service (Dess, Lumpkin and Eisner 2010). As this report has mentioned, Toys R Us is using Differentiation strategy. The Company is pro viding different customer service as other competitors in the toys and games industry. According to Toys R Us 2013, every store of Toys R Us has an extensive Babies R Us department, inside of the Babies R Us included furniture, car seats, bedding, strollers, safety products, nappies and baby food for all parents and babies.Moreover, the company can be achieved the Differentiation strategy by strong brand image and wide range of products. As this report mention at the induction, Toys R Us is one of UK’s leading toy and game retailer therefore the company has strong brand image to achieve the differentiation strategy. According to MINTEL 2010, Toys R Us provides large range of toys and other children-related products. There are some advantages of Toys R Us using the Differentiation strategy. Firstly, this strategy can improve consumers’ loyalty. Differentiation strategy can also help company to decrease the threat of substitute products. On other hand, there are few disa dvantages for differentiation, consumer may prefer to purchase product from the company who using the cost leadership strategy.Disney Company is using focus strategy. The products from Disney shop are related to the Disney film (Disney store 2013). The company is focus on the customers who like the Disney brand images, most consumers will decide to purchase from Disney store if they like watch the Disney films especially young children. Argos and Amazon are focus on cost leadership strategy. Both companies are offering wide range of toys and games with low prices.4.0 Potential strategies might pursue in the futureIn this part, this report will mainly focus on the strategies which the Toys R Us may pursue in the future.4.1 Vertical Integration Vertical Integration is an expansion or extension of the company by becomes its own supplier or distributor (Dess, Lumpkin and Eisner 2010). According to GIMD 2011, the key strategic objective and challenges for Toys R Us is extending private l abel ranges. Vertical integration is one of best strategy to achieve this objective. If Toys R Us becomes its own supplier, the company will much easier to extending private label ranges. Moreover, the  company’s transaction costs are much higher than administrative costs, so vertical Integration becomes an attractive strategy for Toys R Us.There are few benefits for Vertical Integration. Firstly, the strategy has benefits on access to new business opportunities, this will be helpful for Toys R Us achieve the objective of extend private label ranges. Secondary, this strategy can help Toys R Us to make sure the quality of the product, therefore this will help to increase the consumers’ satisfaction. Finally, Vertical Integration can help company to reduce the transaction costs.4.2 Strategic Alliances Strategic Alliances can be defined as two or more companies have a cooperative relationship (Dess, Lumpkin and Eisner 2010). As this report mention in the second part, mo st young children are prefer video games rather than traditional toys, so Toys R Us might concentrate on video games sector in the future, to development a new video game, the company will need a strong technology, the company might think about the Strategic Alliances. As this report mention before, Nintendo is a famous video game manufactures, the company has sold about 2.4 billion video game since 1983 (Nintendo 2013).If Nintendo become an alliance partner with Toys R Us and development a new product with strong brand image from technology and high level of technology skill Nintendo, both companies will easy to increase the market share in the toys and games industry. The advantages for Strategic Alliances will be reducing manufacturing costs in the value chain. Moreover, this strategy will also help on developing and diffusing new technologies.4.3 Internal DevelopmentInternal development is focus on new products and new technology. According to GMID 2011, a key objective and chal lenge for Toys R Us is development of exclusive products, this strategy may help Toys R Us to achieve this objective. Moreover, the company is not having to using the Strategic Alliances to development a new video games, this strategy can help company to development own innovative product without having to share the wealth with alliance partners.5.0 Conclusion and RecommendationIn conclusion, this report has concentrated strategic analysis on Toys R Us in toys and games industry. In the first part, the report has discussed the industry background and company overview. Then, the analysis of Poster’s five force model takes the second place. In the third part, this report analysis the Poster’s Generic strategies which show Toys R Us are concentrated on Differentiation strategy. Finally, the report mentions the several strategies which Toys R Us might pursue in the future.After the report analysis those strategies for Toys R Us, we can give the recommendation on the best s trategy for the future competitiveness. Figure 6 shows the benefit and risk of the three strategies for Toys R Us, compare those three strategies, all of strategies have both benefit and risk for Toys R Us, but we recommend that Strategic Alliances is the best strategy for Toys R Us in the future.New product development is the main objective of Toys R Us, if the company can develop own video games product, it will easy to increase the market share in toys and games industry, Strategic Alliances is the only strategy which can help Toys R Us to achieve the goal in the fastest time. Internal Development may also help company to develop new product, but the company will need spend high cost on new product development and Toys R Us may not have enough technology skill on video game as the company such as Sony and Nintendo. (Figure 6)

Business Ethics (Nestle Company) Essay

Introduction Nestle is the world’s dominating health and nutrition company which is still now committing their promises to the people every day, everywhere by promising ‘Good Food, Good Life’ to their consumers to enhance lives with good foods and beverages. The development of Nestle was formed in the 1905 through the mergers and acquisitions of the Anglo-Swiss Milk Company, by the brothers George Page and Charles Page, and Farine Lactee Henri Nestle, by Henri Nestle. The company was then named after Henri Nestle in the year of 1866. The constant growing and developing of Nestle have successfully made them a famous brand and most people do recognize the existence of them in today’s world. Nestle’s portfolio has literally cover most of the foods and beverages category for instance, baby foods, bottled water, cereals, chocolate and confectionery, coffee, culinary, chilled and frozen foods, dairy, drinks, food service, healthcare nutrition, ice cream, petcare, sport nutrition and weight management. Identification Stakeholders Nestle’s engagement of stakeholders is based on their Creating Shared Value (CSV), which is allowing them to identify and determine emerging issues, to share the responses among the stakeholders and to continue to drive performance improvements. Nestle’s stakeholders can be categorized into three major groups. First group is the group of political which consists of Global Business Leaders, Non-profit Organizations (NGOs), Academics, International Organization, and Government Official. This particular group serves the common interests with Nestle which is in sharing the fresh thoughts and ideas on behalf of how the NGOs, governments and businesses can work closely together in order to eliminate the barrier between developments goals and commercial needs. Second group is the group of experts in social and environmental area that is relevant to Nestle’s field. This group is to communicate Nestle’s approaches towards the people and environment and collect and examine feedbacks based on CSV efforts and plans. Last group is the group of farmers, traders and key processors that contribute help in agriculture resources of Nestle. This interest in this group is to give the supports to farmers and  encourage sustainable development in agriculture worldwide. In addition to this, the stakeholders of Nestle are also relatively supportive to the CSV and were also highly corresponding about the issues, interests and specific areas of concern for example, the growing importance of climate change, the uprising challenges of both under-nutrition and obesity, the reduction of biodiversity from deprived land management, the competition between agriculture land and water resources from biofuels, child labour and also insufficient opportunity and attention given to support the vital role of women in agriculture. Ethical Issues Despite of being a well-known company, however, the Nestle Company has been boycotted and been listed one of the companies that is doing unethical acts which cause harm towards the consumers or their workers. Based on studies and researches, several cases and incidents have been investigated in regards of Nestle doing unethically. Marketing Strategy According to press releases and also Baby Milk Action (2012), one of the Nestle’s present marketing strategies are to discourage the ‘breastfeeding’ of mother to child. In additional to this, Nestle is also adding several logos and labels in the support of advertising reflect to consuming their products, in this case which is baby foods, is more ‘healthy’ and ‘effective’ than consuming mother’s breast milk and this leads to a moral issues for the mothers. On top of that, Nestle is also by this advertisement generalizing that babies who are being breastfed, therefore, are more likely to become sick due to the poor condition of the mother. These advertisements can be misled to exaggeration which is by marking facts with unsupported evidences. Besides that, the unethical act in exaggerating of the advertising continues where the Nestle Company is targeting on health workers with the claims of their newly formulated formula ‘The Gold’ in their foods and beverages which could possibly reduce diarrhea, cure brain and eye development and also strengthen the immune system. Several investigations was required by the World Health Assembly in order to examine the ‘effectiveness’ of ‘The Gold’ formula, however, been rejected by Nestle Company due to the reason of their research and  development is strictly private and confidential. Last but not least, the Baby Milk Action is also questioning about the false reporting that Nestle has been reported towards their baby food products. The United Reformed Church has spotted Nestle have violated several International Codes of Marketing Breast-Milk Substitutes, unfortunately, it was being false reported in their policy statements and reports saying the acts of Nestle doing has no harm towards their consumers, however, it does actually harms health. The investigation is still on going, but it has been dismissed constantly. ‘Nestle has gone to great lengths to enhance its corporate image but its disdain for the International Code’, says Yeong Joo Kean, legal advisor of International Code Documentation Centre. This supports that Nestle, in the desperation of enhancing brand images, however, violates several to exchange the success of its company by putting harm towards their consumers. Major Factors That Impact the Issue There are many factors that impact the ethical issue of Nestle, from social, economic and legal side. In another word, the unethical issues and actions of a company is always caused by the impacts from outside. Firstly, social factors affected the ethical issue of Nestle’s exaggeration advertising on its products. There are 3 reasons why Nestle exaggerate their advertisements and they are the market dominate, effectiveness of advertising and lack of consumers knowledge. Advertisements are effective because the range of advertising is very wide in the areas such as television, radio and online. An advertisement is easier to reach people in many different ways and easier to catch up people’s attention by using emotion and over exaggeration (Simmons, 2012). Besides that, according to Euromonitor International Plc (2010), Nestle is dominating in foods and beverages market. The effective of Nestle’s brand name and the consumer loyalty is high; therefore, consumers are easier to believe the products from Nestle without any rational judgments. At the same time, there are lack of knowledge on the ingredient and the effects of the products from Nestle because those ingredients used are not be able for people to see and only based on the verification. However, those verifications can only be forged by Nestle. Based on the factors above, Nestle exaggerate their advertisement by saying that their baby milk is better than breastfeeding in order to encourage people consume  more on their products. Another major factor is economy and it is explained by the ethical issues of Nestle is due to the demand of their product and also the desires of increase market share and revenues. Nestle aimed to maximize their profits and ignore the social responsibility of provide the truth of their products to their stakeholders (Shaw & Berry, 2010). The needs from economy growth on Nestle drove them into ethical issue which exaggerate their products and attract people to consume and increase the interest of the shareholders. Legal factor also impacted on the ethical issues of Nestle. As mentioned before, several investigations was required by the World Health Assembly in order to examine the ‘effectiveness’ of ‘The Gold’ formula† but has been rejected by Nestle because they said the formula is private and confidential. Nestle protected their formula by legal system and this resulted in unjudged of the effectiveness of their products. The real effects of â€Å"The Gold Formula† are covered by Nestle and encouraged the ethical issue of exaggeration advertising. Relevant Ethical Theories and Concepts As from the case regarding the boycott towards Nestle that were raised by the baby milk action organization, Nestle were said to be an unethical company as they used deceptive advertising to target the 3rd world countries while they are having language and literally barriers. (Kinnaird, 2011) Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has the twin effects of improving both short term and long-term corporate performance, furthermore, helps improve financial performance, enhance brand image and an increases the ability to attract and retain the best workforce. For a business to be successful in the long term it has to create value, not only for its shareholders but also for society. As mentioned by Nestle, the organizations’ approach is based on a long-term view, creating significant value to the society and also to maximizes the shareholder’s value as well as profit (Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Corporate Business Principles, 2012) but as a matter of fact, in 1974, Nestle started to sell infant formula at developing countries and has a result of malnutrition and caused death of babies. Nestle did not fulfilled the  responsibility to have an obligation to benefit the society at large. (Kinnaird, 2011) Kenneth Arrow mentioned that â€Å"there are two types of situation in which the simple rule of maximizing profit is socially inefficient: the case in which the costs are not paid for, as in pollution, and the case in which the seller has considerably more knowledge about his product than the buyer.† From the view of business, Ne stle were said supported by this statement as they are providing a wider range of choices to their customers. However, in the case where Nestle used deceptive advertising towards the market had led their consumer to a harmful situation. Hence they were then boycotted by the baby milk action organization. An organization with ethical responsibility is more likely to build a good reputation, which is more likely to bring financial rewards over the long term, and since Nestle’s view is aiming for long term, they should stop the trend of decreasing breastfeeding and advertising exaggerated formula to their customer. In the 3rd world countries, most of the citizens are not educated and aware of the knowledge of bottle-feeding as compared to breast-feeding. Thus advertisement promoted by Nestle might seem very deceiving to them and tend to believe that the formula product is beneficial to their children. From the theory of Post MacPherson (Shaw, 2011) that clarify the liability of manufacturers as well as the retailers, â€Å"due-care† concept which is â€Å"idea that consumers and sellers equal and that the consumer’s interests are particularly vulnerable to being harmed by the manufacturer, who has knowledge and expertise the consumer does not have.† At the same time, manufacturers bear the heaviest responsibility to prevent the customer from being injured by defective products. Analysis of the available Options In the world of business, it is always the decision between narrow and broad view. Milton Friedman argued that business has no social responsibilities other than to maximize profit. (Shaw, 2011) Nestle by then were boycott by the baby milk organization is due to their turning point in their business as they aimed to create significant value to the society but apparently they are only focusing on maximizing the organization and the shareholder’s profit and marched towards the narrow view aspect and abandoned the obligation of bringing positive value to the society. As a matter of fact,  Nestle had come out with a framework that look into the CSR in terms of creating shared value with developments by Mark Kramer together with Professor Michael Porter of Harvard Business School. In short, creating social and environmental benefit is the key of making an organization’s competitive over other organization in the long-term, says Kramer (2006) Recommendation and Conclusions As mentioned above, Nestle has arisen social problems whereas the babies who fed on the baby milk powder are tend to become sick, in serious case of poverty, babies are dying compared to those breastfed babies. In order to defuse these social problems, Nestle should give more attention to these problems. With the issues mentioned as the deceptive advertising, society’s benefits are being reduced. They are not understanding about how the product is really providing the benefits that offered to the product users. In some case, they are lack of knowledgeable about what the advertisement is proposing due to different conditions which experienced by some countries such as the language and culture barriers. Therefore, Nestle should work against the deceptive advertising and provide more accurate information for the customers. They need to share a common goal and to get through the various aspects of the product development, manufacturing influences, customer’s benefits and the knowledge in order to link between the Nestle’s approach of Creating Shared Values. Apart from that, Nestle need has a need to build up back its company’s confidence and the trust among the company’s products with the customers. Due to the deceive advertising and defective products that brings harm to the infant, customer are becoming less trust on the company’s products and even the brands. In order to rebuild the customer’s perceptions towards the company, Nestle can come out with some new marketing strategies to promote their products. As an example, they can improve their product strategy where the ambiguous details shown on the packaging. They can improve the labels and packaging to provide more information about the baby milk powder, even in more different language based on the market country accordingly. Besides that, they can practices on their promotion strategy to promote the products itself as telling more information to the customers, publics and enable the company to answer the customers’ questions about the ambiguous details that they receive. Therefore, customer can know more about the product, in turn, confidence and trust towards the company is being enhanced. To cut a long story short, boycotts are often lead a company to face problems in earning their profits and position themselves in the market as well as maintain a good relationship with the customers who are purchasing the certain products. At the same time, they do face ethical dilemma which are bringing negative impacts to the society and in turn, it brings harm to the company. In the eyes of others, they are making priority in profit maximization; however, they have ignored the corporate social responsibility which is playing an important role in the business. In order to retain the company’s reputation, several strategies as to reduce the ethical dilemma situations, needed to be done for longer-term effects, no matter to the company or the society. Companies must not only focus on the boycott, but also work into the path of changing the rules in the product development. Bibliography Action, B. M. (2012, April 24). Protecting Breastfeeding. Retrieved October 16, 2012, from Why target Nestlà © with the boycott?: http://info.babymilkaction.org/nestlebriefing Kean, Y. J. (2005). NESTLÉ AND THE INTERNATIONAL CODE:. An analysis by the International Code Documentation Centre. Klein. J. G., Smith. N. C. & John. A. (2002). Why We Boycott: Consumer Motivations for Boycott Participation and Marketer Responses. Centre for Marketing Working Paper. No (2). 701 Nestlà ©. (2012). Nestlà © Good Foods, Good Life . Retrieved October 16, 2012, from http://www.nestle.com/Pages/Nestle.aspx Kinnaird, E. (2011 Ð ¹Ã ¸Ã » 22-March ). Nestle Infant Formula Case. From Prezi: Make Your Presentation Zoom: http://prezi.com/r2gtyqwc1gmn/copy-of-nestle-infant-formula-case/ Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Corporate Business Principles. (2012). Retrieved from Nestlà ©: http://www.nestle.com/AboutUs/BusinessPrinciples/Pages/BusinessPrinciplesHome.aspx Shaw, W. H. (2011). Business Ethics. Boston, Uni ted States of America: Wadsworth, Cencage Learning. Simmons, L. (2012). Why Advertising Is So Effective. Retrieved October 16, 2012, from Netplaces.com: http://www.netplaces.com/addiction-recovery/cultural-lures-and-addiction/why-advertising-is-so-effective.htm YUNIKA Corp. (2010). Reasons Why Advertising